Diaper Dermatitis

DDx Dermatite das Fraldas
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Causas mais frequentes
Causas menos frequentes
Causas raras
Dermatite de contacto irritativa
• Pregas preservadas, pior nas superfícies convexas que roçam
Infeções bacterianas
• Impetigo bolhoso
• Intertrigo perianal streptocócico (faringite?)
Acrodermatitis enteropathica e outras formas de dermatite nutricional
Candidíase
• Favorece as pregas
Psoríase
Histiocitose de células de Langerhans
Dermatite seborreica
• Favorece as pregas
Dermatite de contacto alérgica
Nas pregas as lesões de DCA são foliculares porque o alergéneo penetra mais facilmente nos folículos e poupa a prega que é mais húmida e mais propícia para os fungos
Sífilis congénita, dermatofitose
Dermatite atópica
Paraqueratose granular
Doença de Kawasaki inicial
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Irritant contact diaper dermatitis
  • Most common
  • poupa as pregas
  • Consider allergic contact dermatitis to diaper (blue dye, elastic band), wipes (MCI/MCMI)
  • Rx absobent disposable diapers, avoid wipes (water wipes), barrier creams
    • Mudar fralda mais vezes
    • Advantan misturado com dermofix 10 dias
 
Diaper Seborrheic Dermatitis
  • subsides by 2-3 months
  • May have overlap with atopic dermatitis (that should not affect the diaper area)
  • procurar envolvimento do couro cabeludo, eyebrows e outras áreas intertriginosas
 
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)
  • Clinical presentation in children
    • Skin
      • Polymorphic
      • Classic: recalcitrant seborrheic dermatitis with petechiae
        • Elementary lesion: micropapule, sometimes purpuric, covered with a scaly crust or eroded
        • “Erosive intertrigo with crusty edges” (Saurat)
      • Crusted papules, vesiculopustules, erosions, nodules, petechiae or purpura
      • Nails: oniycholysis, subungueal hyperkeratosis
    • Extra-cutaneous
      • Bone
        • Areas of osteolysis → “punch-out” lesions
        • Mainly cephalic and axial regions
      • Pituitary
        • Diabetes insipidus, bitemporal hemianopia, growth retardation
      • Liver, spleen
        • Hepatomegaly, hepatocellular insufficiency, portal hypertension
        • Sclerosing cholangitis and biliary cirrhosis
      • Hematopoietic, lymph nodes
        • Anemia, thombocytopenia, leukopenia, macrophage activation syndrome
      • Lung
        • Reticulonodular infiltrate → cysts and nodules
        • Dyspnea, cough, pneumothorax, pulmonary fibrosis → chronic respiratory failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension
      • Gastrointestinal
        • Polyps, extensive granulomatous lesions
 
Neonatal Diaper Candidiasis
  • Acquired during delivery (≠congenital candidiasis - in utero)
  • juicy red sattelite papules
  • Oral thrush may be present
  • Rx ketoconazol cream + barrier cream (irritant context)
 
Jacquet´s dermatitis | Granuloma gluteale infantum
Granuloma gluteale infantum | Jacques erosive dermatitis
  • severe erosive diaper dermatitis with ulcerated papules or nodules
  • rx/ like irritant dermatitis
  • granulomatous reaction seen in severe irritant contact dermatitis
  • Unique response to local inflammation, maceration, and possibly secondary infection (usually candida)
  • In older child more likely to be scabies
 
Pseudoverrucous papules and nodules
  • Do not confuse with condyloma lata
  • Underlying neurologic or anatomic anomaly that makes kids stools or urinate abnormally with chronic irritation of skin
    • Spina bifida
    • VACTERL
 
Diaper psoriasis
  • Sharply demarcated, outlines the diaper (probably due to Koebner phenomenon)
  • DO NOT spare folds
  • Moist environment may disguise the scale
  • Very recalcitrant
  • Often the penis is involved (males)
  • Psoríase inversa mais frequente na criança
  • Comobilidade com artrite psoriática: em 80% das crianças precede a psoríase cutânea
 
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Zinc deficiency