Anatomy of the eyelids
- High laxity
- Absence of hypodermis
- Existence of accessory structures
- Sebaceous glands → Zeiss glands attached to the eyelashes
- Meibomian glands opening onto the free edge
- Moll swat glands
General pathology
- Ectropion
- In the context of post surgery
- Due to ichthyosis, such as icthyosiform erythroderma, harlequin fetus or KID syndrome
- Melanic hyperpigmentation
- Investigate hyperthyroidism (Jellinek sign)
- Ota nevus
- Ochronosis
- Pigmentary lichen planus
- Argyria
- Topical antiglaucoma agents
- Depigmentation
- Vitiligo
- Vogt Koyonagi Harada syndrome
- Sympathetic ophtalmia
- Phenilketonuria
- Aplication of topical treatments (dermocorticoids)
Tumors
- Moll glands (modified apocrine sweat glands) → adenomas, hydrocystomas
- Meibomian glands (sebaceous) → sebaceous carcinoma
- Glândula lacrimal → adenoma pleomórfico, oncocitoma, adenocarcinoma, linfomas
- Dermoid cyst at the tail of the eyebrow
- Melanoma
- Basal cell carcinomas
- Neuroendocrine carcinomas
- Cutaneous lymphoma
Inflammatory
- Stye | Hordéolo | “Terçolho”
- Infeção de um folículo piloso de uma pestana (ciliary boil)
- Pode necessitar de incisão e drenagem (com alívio imediato)
- Chalazion
- Inflamação de uma glândula de meibomius
- Fatores de risco: dermatite seborreica, rosácea
- Blefarie
- Inflamação da margem palpebral
- Causas: dermatite atópica, dermatite seborreica, demodectic blepharitis, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (lupus blepharitis)
- Madarosis
- Trichomegaly
- Eyelash pediculosis
Overload disease
- Xanthelasma
- Amyloidosis AL type → raccoon eyes
- Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma
- Juvenile xanthogranuloma
Eyelid edema
- Due to laxity of tissues
Doenças bolhosas da junção dermo-epidérmica
- Epidermólise bolhosa hereditária
- Doenças bolhosas autoimunes
- Eritema multiforme, SJS-Lyell
Conjuntivitis
Reactive Arthritis | Oculo-urethrosynovial syndrome | Fiessinger-Leroy ou Reiter syndrome
- Rosácea ocular
- Viral keratoconjuntivitis (HSV)
- Atopic keratoconjuntivitis
Cataracts
- Catarcts associated with atopic dermatitis are posterior subcapsular
- Also keratoconus and retinal tears in atopy
- Use of steroids
Sclera
- Ota nevus → pigmentary alterations
- Ochronosis
Iris
- Iris heterochromia
- One of the signs of Waardenburg syndrome
- Lisch nodules - type 1 neurofibromatosis
- Uveitis
- Behçet, sarcoidosis, vogt Koyonagi Harada (doença auto-imune contra melanócitos)
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