- Associations
- Commonly associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (larynx, pharynx, esophagus).
- Mechanism - 2 theories:
- Tumor secretion of growth factors that act on keratinization (eg. EGF)
- Cross-reactivity between tumor antigens and keratinocyte proteins.
- Clinical presentation
- Psoriasiform plaques
- Acral surfaces, including ears
- Violaceous hue
- Involves nose and helices
- Longitudinal ridging of nails
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