Calcium deposition in normal tissues
Clinical presentation:
- Extent: widespread (diffuse, metastatic)
- High pH favors calcium deposition
- Calcifications of alveolar walls (high pH)
- Intertitial tissues of kidney (high pH) → nephocalcinosis → nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal failure
- Gastric mucosa (high pH)
- Blood vessels → calciphic uremic arteriolopathy (calciphilaxis)
- Benign nodular calcification
- Deposits in otherwise normal skin, such as around the joints
Etiology: secondary to hypercalcemia
- Renal disease - end stage chronic renal disease with secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Also associated with:
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Decreased vit D levels
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Milk-alkali syndrome
- Multiple mieloma
- Malignancy
- Hypervitaminosis D
- Sarcoidosis - granulomas can activate vitamin D
Exames complementares de diagnóstico
- Serum calcium levels are usually elevated
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